Romans: An Outline Taken from Douglas Moo’s Commentary on Romans*
An outline of Romans take directly from Douglas Moo’s Commentary on Romans.*
THE LETTER OPENING (1:1–17)
PRESCRIPT (1:1–7)
THANKSGIVING AND OCCASION: PAUL AND THE ROMANS (1:8–15)
THE THEME OF THE LETTER (1:16–17)
THE HEART OF THE GOSPEL: JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH (1:18–4:25)
THE UNIVERSAL REIGN OF SIN (1:18–3:20)
All Persons Are Accountable to God for Sin (1:18–32)
Jews Are Accountable to God for Sin (2:1–3:8)
The Jews and the Judgment of God (2:1–16)
Critique of Jewish Presumption (2:1–5)
The Impartiality of Judgment (2:6–11)
iii. Judgment and the Law (2:12–16)
The Limitations of the Covenant (2:17–29)
The Law (2:17–24)
Circumcision (2:25–29)
God’s Faithfulness and the Judgment of Jews (3:1–8)
The Guilt of All Humanity (3:9–20)
JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH (3:21–4:25)
Justification and the Righteousness of God (3:21–26)
“By Faith Alone” (3:27–4:25)
“By Faith Alone”: Initial Statement (3:27–31)
“By Faith Alone”: Elaboration with Respect to Abraham (4:1–25)
Faith and Works (4:1–8)
Faith and Circumcision (4:9–12)
Faith, Promise, and the Law (4:13–22)
The Faith of Abraham and the Faith of the Christian (4:23–25)
THE ASSURANCE PROVIDED BY THE GOSPEL: THE HOPE OF SALVATION (5:1–8:39)
THE HOPE OF GLORY (5:1–21)
From Justification to Salvation (5:1–11)
The Reign of Grace and Life (5:12–21)
FREEDOM FROM BONDAGE TO SIN (6:1–23)
“Dead to Sin” through Union with Christ (6:1–14)
Freed from Sin’s Power to Serve Righteousness (6:15–23)
FREEDOM FROM BONDAGE TO THE LAW (7:1–25)
Released from the Law, Joined to Christ (7:1–6)
The History and Experience of Jews under the Law (7:7–25)
The Coming of the Law (7:7–12)
Life under the Law (7:13–25)
ASSURANCE OF ETERNAL LIFE IN THE SPIRIT (8:1–30)
The Spirit of Life (8:1–13)
The Spirit of Adoption (8:14–17)
The Spirit of Glory (8:18–30)
THE BELIEVER’S SECURITY CELEBRATED (8:31–39)
THE DEFENSE OF THE GOSPEL: THE PROBLEM OF ISRAEL (9:1–11:36)
INTRODUCTION: THE TENSION BETWEEN GOD’S PROMISES AND ISRAEL’S PLIGHT (9:1–5)
DEFINING THE PROMISE (1): GOD’S SOVEREIGN ELECTION (9:6–29)
The Israel within Israel (9:6–13)
Objections Answered: The Freedom and Purpose of God (9:14–23)
God’s Calling of a New People: Israel and the Gentiles (9:24–29)
UNDERSTANDING ISRAEL’S PLIGHT: CHRIST AS THE CLIMAX OF SALVATION HISTORY (9:30–10:21)
Israel, the Gentiles, and the Righteousness of God (9:30–10:13)
The Righteousness of God and the “Law of Righteousness” (9:30–33)
The Righteousness of God and “Their Own Righteousness” (10:1–4)
Gospel and Law (10:5–13)
Israel’s Accountability (10:14–21)
SUMMARY: ISRAEL, THE “ELECT,” AND THE “HARDENED” (11:1–10)
DEFINING THE PROMISE (2): THE FUTURE OF ISRAEL (11:11–32)
God’s Purpose in Israel’s Rejection (11:11–15)
The Interrelationship of Jews and Gentiles: A Warning to Gentile Believers (11:16–24)
The Salvation of “All Israel” (11:25–32)
CONCLUSION: PRAISE TO GOD IN LIGHT OF HIS AWESOME PLAN (11:33–36)
THE TRANSFORMING POWER OF THE GOSPEL: CHRISTIAN CONDUCT (12:1–15:13)
THE HEART OF THE MATTER: TOTAL TRANSFORMATION (12:1–2)
HUMILITY AND MUTUAL SERVICE (12:3–8)
LOVE AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS (12:9–21)
THE CHRISTIAN AND SECULAR RULERS (13:1–7)
LOVE AND THE LAW (13:8–10)
LIVING IN LIGHT OF THE DAY (13:11–14)
A PLEA FOR UNITY (14:1–15:13)
Do Not Condemn One Another! (14:1–12)
Do Not Cause Your Brother to Stumble! (14:13–23)
Put Other People First! (15:1–6)
Receive One Another! (15:7–13)
THE LETTER CLOSING (15:14–16:27)
PAUL’S MINISTRY AND TRAVEL PLANS (15:14–33)
Looking Back: Paul’s Ministry in the East (15:14–21)
Looking Ahead: Jerusalem, Rome, and Spain (15:22–29)
A Request for Prayer (15:30–33)
GREETINGS (16:1–23)
Commendation of Phoebe (16:1–2)
Greetings to Roman Christians (16:3–16)
A Warning, a Promise, and a Prayer for Grace (16:17–20)
Greetings from Paul’s Companions (16:21–23)
CONCLUDING DOXOLOGY (16:25–27)
*Moo, Douglas J. The Epistle to the Romans. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1996.